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Electronic flight bag - Wikipedia. An electronic flight bag (EFB) is an electronic information management device that helps flight crews perform flight management tasks more easily and efficiently with less paper. It is a general purpose computing platform intended to reduce, or replace, paper- based reference material often found in the pilot's carry- on flight bag, including the aircraft operating manual, flight- crew operating manual, and navigational charts (including moving map for air and ground operations). In addition, the EFB can host purpose- built software applications to automate other functions normally conducted by hand, such as performance take- off calculations. The EFB gets its name from the traditional pilot's flight bag, which is typically a heavy (up to 4. The electronic flight bag is the replacement of those documents in a digital format. EFB weights are typically 1 to 5 pounds (0. ![]() ![]() ![]() A comprehensive study guide for the B737 - 700/800/900 NG series aircraft. System panels, diagrams, schematics, Questions and Answer and Knowledge Exercises. Professional Pilot Training (includes ground studies) - A forum for those on the steep path to that coveted professional licence. Whether studying for. BOEING B737NG; The Boeing 737 Next Generation, commonly abbreviated as 737NG,is the name given to the Home Cockpit Building or How I Built a Boeing B737NG Cockpit. ![]() There are numerous benefits for using an EFB but specific benefits vary depending on the size of the operation, type of applications used, the existing content management and distribution system, the type of applications deployed. Some common benefits include: weight savings by replacing the traditional flight bag, reduced medical claims from handling traditional flight bags, reduced cost, and increased efficiency by reducing or eliminating paper processes. There are also claims of increased safety and reducing pilot workload. According to the FAA's Advisory Circular (AC No. C), an Electronic Flight Bag is an electronic display system intended primarily for cockpit/flightdeck or cabin use. There are also militarized variants, with secure data storage, night vision goggle compatible lighting, environmental hardening, and military specific applications and data. EFB devices can display a variety of aviation data or perform basic calculations (including performance data and fuel calculations.). In the past, some of these functions were traditionally accomplished using paper references or were based on data provided to the flight crew by an airline's . If an operator's sole source of navigational chart information is contained on an EFB, the operator must demonstrate the EFB will continue to operate throughout a decompression event, and thereafter, regardless of altitude. The only way to achieve this capability is by using a solid state disk drive or a standard rotating mass drive in a sealed enclosure. The electronic flight bag market is estimated at $2. CAGR of 1. 3. 4. 1% to reach $4. History. One of the earliest and broadest EFB implementations was in 1. Fed. Ex deployed their Airport Performance Laptop Computer to carry out aircraft performance calculations on the aircraft (this was a commercial off- the- shelf computer and was considered portable). In addition, Fed. Ex also began deploying Pilot Access Terminals on their airplane in the mid- 1. The new and improved online scheduling service now provides easy access to our per seat maintenance courses, e-learning opportunities and training products. These later devices were common laptops that used a certified docking station on the airplanes (to connect to power and data interfaces). In 1. 99. 6, Aero Lloyd, a German carrier, introduced two laptops to compute the performance and access the documentation. The system called FMD (Flight Management Desktop) permits Aero Lloyd to remove all the documentation and RTOW in paper from the cockpit with the Luftfahrt- Bundesamt (German Civil Aviation Authority) agreement. Other companies, including Southwest followed with . Jet. Blue took a different approach by converting all of its operations documents to electronic format and distributing them over a network to laptop computers that were issued to pilots (versus to the airplane). The first true EFB, designed specifically to replace a pilot's entire kit bag, was patented by Angela Masson as the Electronic Kit Bag (EKB) in 1. An electronic flight bag (EFB) is an electronic information management device that helps flight crews perform flight management tasks more easily and efficiently with. Boeing B737-600 Reg: EC-ING Callsign - EUROPA DEPARTURE Before Start Checklist Taxi Checklist Voice Recorder On Recall Checked Cockpit Preperation Complete Flight. Details about the electronic version of The Boeing 737 Technical Guide here. The material contained on this site is to be used for training purposes only. Do not use it for flight! Please note that Smartcockpit is not affiliated in any way. Our training media for pre-hiring screenings are a resource trusted by pilots worldwide. Follow up with a personal coaching made by SkyTest® and our partner ATTC. ST0. 31. 65. AT) was issued that covered the installation of provisions for the deployment of the nav. Aero t. The installation was performed by Avionics Support Group, Inc. The EFB data was updated using a Terminal Wireless Unit (TWLU) installed at Miami Air's facility, that enabled the EFB to update only the files that had changed on the server. In 2. 00. 6 My. Travel (a UK charter operation now merged with Thomas Cook airline) became the first to deploy an electronic tech log using GPRS communication, replacing the paper process. Thomas Cook has several years of successful operational experience of an EFB focussed on its UK fleet. In 2. 00. 9, Continental Airlines successfully completed the world’s first flight using Jeppesen Airport Surface Area Moving Map (AMM) showing “own ship” position on a Class 2 Electronic Flight Bag platform – which was the nav. Aero t. The AMM application uses a high resolution database to dynamically render maps of the airport. Through the use of GPS technology, the application show pilots their position (“own- ship”) on the airport surface map. The result is much improved positional/situational awareness among flight crews which is a critical safety factor for reducing runway incursions during ground operations especially at busy commercial airports with complex runway and taxiway layouts. The STC underwhich the nav. Aero EFB system was deployed (ST0. LA) also provided for the dual EFB systems to be cross- connected which allowed for the Airport Moving Map to be shared (or “pushed”) from one EFB system to the other. Beginning in 2. 01. Apple i. Pad, an inventor named Richard Luke Ribich of Maumelle, AR made a number of applications to the USPTO for a series of patents regarding the integration of tablet- style computers with that of transport category (. The series of patents, which were assigned to ASIG (Avionics & Systems Integration Group of North Little Rock, AR) address the methods and apparatus necessary to successfully and securely integrate consumer tablet- computing devices such as Apple i. Pad and Microsoft Surface with that of transport category aircraft in both wired and wireless configurations. These patents (US Patent No. US Patent No. 9. 33. April 2. 01. 3 and May 2. API library known as a software developers kit (SDK). These patents consider both wired and wireless integration of various tablet computers with that of aircraft power distribution and avionics systems and protect Mr. Ribich's technologies against similar product manufacturing, sale, distribution, use, import/ export and integrated equivalents. Further, in January 2. US FAA affirmed these patents as airworthy by issuing ASIG an AML- STC (Approved Model List - Supplemental Type Certificate) for the installation of Class 2 portable EFB provisions for the commercial product known as the fly. Tab XFB (e. Xtreme Flight Bag), an ASIG product line, under (STC No. In June 2. 01. 4 the Canadian Civil Aviation Authority (TCCA - Transport Canada) issued their own STC for the fly. Tab XFB (STC No. These patents are currently being enforced throughout the United States and across North America, Europe, Asia, Africa and South America through various treaties and bilateral technology agreements in place between governments. As personal computing technology became more compact and powerful, with extensive storage capabilities, these devices became capable of storing all the aeronautical charts for the entire world on a single three- pound (1. New technologies such as real- time satellite weather and integration with GPS have further expanded the capabilities of electronic flight bags. However, for large commercial airlines, the primary problem with EFB systems is not the hardware on the aircraft, but the means to reliably and efficiently distribute content updates to the airplane. While the adoption rate of the Electronic Flight Bag technology has been arguably slow among large scheduled air carriers, corporate operators have been rapidly deploying EFBs since 1. The Air Force Special Operations Command purchased an initial supply of over 3,0. Pad- based EFBs which were globally fielded in July 2. In a similar acquisition, Air Mobility Command initiated a contract for up to 1. Pad- based EFBs. The Air Force Special Operations Command internally developed a secure method of transferring the National Geo- Spatial Intelligence Agency's (NGA) monthly Flight Information Publications (FLIP) dataset to all its users worldwide. Both Major Commands (MAJCOMs) pursued independent efforts to ensure continuous Ops for their aircrew. As a result of these pioneering successes, the Do. D is now coordinating efforts for widespread, consolidated implementation of the EFB concept. After trialing i. Pads as EFBs in 2. Delta Air Lines announced in August 2. Microsoft Surface 2 devices to its pilots, replacing a policy allowing pilots to use personal tablets as EFBs. Reference: FAA Advisory Circular AC 1. D, EASA Acceptable Means of Compliance AMC 2. ICAO Document 1. 00. Vol 4 Chap 1. 5) for the most recent and accurate descriptions: Note: with the forthcoming release of AC 1. D, the categorization of Electronic Flight Bag hardware into classes (below) will be retired. Going forward, EFB' s will simply be categorized as . Portable can be considered to consolidate the previous Class 1 and 2 distinctions, while Installed is equivalent to Class 3. These simplifications made to reduce confusion and to harmonize with already- released EASA and ICAO guidance. EFB hardware classes include: Class 1 – Standard commercial- off- the- shelf (COTS) equipment such as laptops or handheld electronic devices. These devices are used as loose equipment and are typically stowed during critical phases of flight. A Class 1 EFB is considered a Portable Electronic Device (PED). Class 1 EFBs, such as Cockpit i. Pads, may be used to display Type B applications in critical phases of flight provided that they are 'secured and viewable'. 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Absolute alcohol, alcohol, cologne spirit, drinking alcohol, ethylic alcohol, Et. OH, ethyl alcohol, ethyl hydrate, ethyl hydroxide, ethylol, grain alcohol, hydroxyethane, methylcarbinol. Identifiers. 17. 18. Ch. EBIChem. Spider. Drug. Bank. ECHA Info. Card. 10. 0. 0. 00. ![]() What about drinking alcohol and breastfeeding? Women are often warned to not consume alcohol during pregnancy, as ample evidence has shown that it poses a severe and. Powdered Alcohol. In general, “powdered alcohol” is alcohol that has been absorbed by a sugar derivative. Powdered alcohol products first began appearing in the. E number. E1. 51. UNIIIn. Ch. I=1. S/C2. H6. O/c. 1- 2- 3/h. H,2. H2,1. H3 YKey: LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ- UHFFFAOYSA- N YIn. Ch. I=1/C2. H6. O/c. H,2. H2,1. H3. Key: LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ- UHFFFAOYABProperties. C2. H6. OMolar mass. It is a volatile, flammable, colorless liquid with a slight characteristic odor. Its chemical formula is C2. H6. O, which can be written also as CH3- CH2- OH or C2. H5- OH (an ethyl group linked to a hydroxyl group), and is often abbreviated as Et. Boiling Points. Everyone has boiled water at some point so everyone has a basic understanding of what is meant by boiling. We put a pot on the stove, go away for ten. Find the % alcohol content (ABV/strength), calories, & carbs of your favorite beer in our extensive database, the largest beer database on the Internet. We randomly assigned adults undergoing clean-contaminated surgery in six hospitals to preoperative skin preparation with either chlorhexidine–alcohol scrub or. Most people use denatured alcohol for a paint thinner or some such. I bought it to use in a small alcohol stove I'd bought elsewhere just as an emergency item. OH. Ethanol is mostly produced by the fermentation of sugars by yeasts, or by petrochemical processes. It is an addictivepsychoactive drug (indeed one of the oldest and most common recreational drugs), causing a characteristic intoxication (. He coined the word from the German name Aether of the compound C2. H5- O- C2. H5 (commonly called . The Oxford English Dictionary claims that it is a medieval loan from Arabical- ku. The systematic use in chemistry dates to 1. Medical. Ethanol kills organisms by denaturing their proteins and dissolving their lipids and is effective against most bacteria and fungi, and many viruses. However, ethanol is ineffective against bacterial spores. Liquid preparations of cough and cold remedies, pain medication, and mouth washes may be dissolved in 1 to 2. There are many methods of evaporation to achieve this desired effect: multiple effect evaporation, thermal vapor recompression and mechanical vapor recompression evaporation. Small doses of ethanol, in general, produce euphoria and relaxation; people experiencing these symptoms tend to become talkative and less inhibited, and may exhibit poor judgment. At higher dosages (BAC > 1 g/L), ethanol acts as a central nervous systemdepressant, producing at progressively higher dosages, impaired sensory and motor function, slowed cognition, stupefaction, unconsciousness, and possible death. Ethanol is commonly consumed as a recreational drug, especially while socializing, due to its psychoactive effects. ![]() Engine fuel. Brazil in particular relies heavily upon the use of ethanol as an engine fuel, due in part to its role as the globe's leading producer of ethanol. Hydrous ethanol (about 9. Brazilian ethanol is produced from sugar cane and noted for high carbon sequestration. Older cars (and vintage cars designed to use a slower burning fuel) should have the engine valves upgraded or replaced. In the US flex- fuel vehicles can run on 0% to 8. Brazil supports this population of ethanol- burning automobiles with large national infrastructure that produces ethanol from domestically grown sugar cane. Sugar cane not only has a greater concentration of sucrose than corn (by about 3. The bagasse generated by the process is not wasted, but is used in power plants to produce electricity. According to the Renewable Fuels Association, as of 3. October 2. 00. 7, 1. United States have the capacity to produce 7. US gallons (2. 6,0. An additional 7. 2 construction projects underway (in the U. S.) can add 6. 4 billion US gallons (2. Over time, it is believed that a material portion of the . The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi- Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) is investigating the possibility of growing sorgham as a source of fuel, food, and animal feed in arid parts of Asia and Africa. It also requires about 2. The world’s first sweet sorghum ethanol distillery began commercial production in 2. Andhra Pradesh, India. The German V- 2 rocket of World War II, credited with beginning the space age, used ethanol, mixed with 2. Ethanol is an attractive alternative due to its wide availability, low cost, high purity and low toxicity. There are a wide range of fuel cell concepts that have been trialled including direct- ethanol fuel cells, auto- thermal reforming systems and thermally integrated systems. The majority of work is being conducted at a research level although there are a number of organizations at the beginning of commercialization of ethanol fuel cells. It has widespread use as a precursor for other organic compounds such as ethyl halides, ethyl esters, diethyl ether, acetic acid, and ethyl amines. Solvent. It is found in paints, tinctures, markers, and personal care products such as mouthwashes, perfumes and deodorants. However, polysaccharidesprecipitate from aqueous solution in the presence of alcohol, and ethanol precipitation is used for this reason in the purification of DNA and RNA. Low- temperature liquid. For the same reason, it is also used as the active fluid in alcohol thermometers. Adverse effects. Alcohol was ranked 6th in dependence, 1. Consequently, the excess acidity may harm the inner lining of the stomach. The stomach lining is normally protected by a mucosal layer which prevents the stomach from essentially digesting itself. However, in patients who have a peptic ulcer disease (PUD), this mucosal layer is broken down. PUD is commonly associated with the bacteria H. Because alcohol stimulates a person's stomach to secrete acid, a person with PUD should avoid drinking alcohol on an empty stomach. Drinking alcohol would cause more acid release which would further damage the already- weakened stomach wall. The major portion of the blood supply to the liver is provided by the portal vein. Therefore, while the liver is continuously fed nutrients from the intestine, it is also exposed to any bacteria and/or bacterial derivatives that breach the intestinal mucosal barrier. Consequently, LPS levels increase in the portal vein, liver and systemic circulation after alcohol intake. Immune cells in the liver respond to LPS with the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leukotrienes, chemokines and cytokines. These factors promote tissue inflammation and contribute to organ pathology. These reactions occur within 1–6. The CDC currently recommends complete abstinence from alcoholic beverages. Alcohol withdrawal can cause anxiety, autonomic dysfunction, seizures, and hallucinations. Delirium tremens is a condition that requires people with a long history of heavy drinking to undertake an alcohol detoxification regimen. Overdose. A blood level of 0. Levels of even less than 0. The reason is that alcohol and metronidazole can lead to side effects such as flushing, headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and sweating. The proposed mechanism of action for this interaction is that metronidazole can bind to an enzyme that normally metabolizes alcohol. Binding to this enzyme may impair the liver's ability to process alcohol for proper excretion. This is because ethanol's effects on these channels are a summation of positive and negative allosteric modulatory actions. Hence, the removal of a large concentration of alcohol from blood may follow zero- order kinetics. This means that alcohol leaves the body at a constant rate, rather than having an elimination half- life. As a result, the blood alcohol concentration can be used to modify the rate of metabolism of methanol and ethylene glycol. Methanol itself is not highly toxic, but its metabolites formaldehyde and formic acid are; therefore, to reduce the rate of production and concentration of these harmful metabolites, ethanol can be ingested. Long- term use by ingestion can result in serious liver damage. Acetyl Co. A is the final product of both carbohydrate and fat metabolism, where the acetyl can be further used to produce energy or for biosynthesis. As such, ethanol can be compared to an energy- bearing macronutrient, yielding approximately 7 kcal per gram consumed. Acetaldehyde is linked to most of the clinical effects of alcohol. It has been shown to increase the risk of developing cirrhosis of the liver. Normally, NAD is used to metabolise fats in the liver, and as such alcohol competes with these fats for the use of NAD. Prolonged exposure to alcohol means that fats accumulate in the liver, leading to the term 'fatty liver'. Continued consumption (such as in alcoholism) then leads to cell death in the hepatocytes as the fat stores reduce the function of the cell to the point of death. These cells are then replaced with scar tissue, leading to the condition called cirrhosis. Alcohol and digestion. This hydrophobic or lipophilic end can diffuse across cells that line the stomach wall. In fact, alcohol is one of the rare substances that can be absorbed in the stomach. Most food substances are absorbed in the small intestine. However, even though alcohol can be absorbed in the stomach, it is mostly absorbed in the small intestine because the small intestine has a large surface area that promotes absorption. Once alcohol is absorbed in the small intestine, it delays the release of stomach contents from emptying into the small intestine. Thus, alcohol can delay the rate of absorption of nutrients. The liver can process only a certain amount of alcohol per unit time. Thus, when a person drinks too much alcohol, more alcohol can reach the heart. In the heart, alcohol reduces the force of heart contractions. Consequently, the heart will pump less blood, lowering overall body blood pressure. It is at this stage that a person can breathe out traces of alcohol. Interestingly, alcohol increases levels of high- density lipoproteins(HDLs), which carry cholesterol. This could be the reason that alcohol produces health benefits when consumed in moderate amounts. Consequently, a person will feel warmer, and his/her skin flush and appear pink. However, those having acquired alcohol tolerance have a greater quantity of these enzymes, and metabolize ethanol more rapidly. Its molecular formula is CH3. |